Definition: Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure, leading to vision loss and blindness if untreated.

Causes: The main cause of glaucoma is an imbalance in the production and drainage of the aqueous humor (fluid) in the eye, which results in increased intraocular pressure. Risk factors include age, family history, and certain medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure.

Treatment: Treatment aims to reduce intraocular pressure to prevent further damage to the optic nerve. This can be achieved through eye drops, oral medications, laser surgery, or conventional surgery, depending on the type and severity of glaucoma. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and management of the condition.